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      "source": [
        "%matplotlib inline"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "\n# Retinal implant gallery\n\npulse2percept supports the following implants:\n\n## Argus Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products Inc.)\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.ArgusI` and\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.ArgusII` are epiretinal implants\ndeveloped at the University of Southern California (USC) and commercialized\nby Second Sight. The devices were used in several clinical trials, including\n`NCT00279500`_ and `NCT00407602`_.\n\nArgus I is a modified cochlear implant containing 16 electrodes in a 4x4\narray with a center-to-center separation of 800 um, and two electrode\ndiameters (250 um and 500 um) arranged in a checkerboard pattern [Yue2020]_.\n\nArgus II contains 60 electrodes of 225 um diameter arranged in a 6 x 10\ngrid (575 um center-to-center separation) [Yue2020]_.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\nfrom pulse2percept.implants import *\nfrom pulse2percept.models import AxonMapModel\n\nfig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6))\n\n# For illustrative purpose, also show the map of fiber\n# bundles in the optic fiber layer:\nmodel = AxonMapModel()\nmodel.plot(ax=ax[0])\n# Argus I is typically implanted at a 30-45deg angle:\nArgusI(rot=-30).plot(ax=ax[0], annotate=True)\nax[0].set_title('Argus I')\n\nmodel.plot(ax=ax[1])\n# Argus II is typically implanted at a 30-45deg angle:\nArgusII(rot=-30).plot(ax=ax[1], annotate=False)\nax[1].set_title('Argus II')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## PRIMA Bionic Vision System (Pixium Vision SA)\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA` is a subretinal device developed\nat Stanford University and commercialized by Pixium Vision.\n\nThere are several versions of the PRIMA device.\nThe device used in clinical trial `NCT03392324`_ consists of 378 85um-wide\npixels separated by 15um trenches (i.e., 100um pixel pitch), arranged in a\n2-mm wide hexagonal pattern, and is available in pulse2percept simply as\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA` [Palanker2020]_.\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA75` is a newer version of the device,\nconsisting of 142 70um-wide pixels separated by 5um trenches (i.e., 75um\npixel pitch), arranged in a 1-mm wide hexagonal pattern [Lorach2015]_.\n\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
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      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6))\n\nPRIMA().plot(ax=ax[0])\nax[0].set_title('PRIMA-100')\n\nPRIMA75().plot(ax=ax[1])\nax[1].set_title('PRIMA-75')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "In addition, the developers are working on miniaturizing the device. At least\ntwo other prototypes are currently in development:\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA55` consists of 50um-wide pixels\nseparated by 5um trenches (i.e., 55um pixel pitch), whereas\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA40` consists of 35um-wide pixels\nseparated by 5um trenches (i.e., 40um pixel pitch).\n\nThe exact geometric arrangement of these two prototypes have not been\npublished yet. The devices available in pulse2percept assume that the arrays\nfit on a circular 1mm-diameter substrate, which yields 273 electrodes for\nPRIMA-55 and 532 electrodes for PRIMA-40.\nThese prototypes will be updated once more information about them is\navailable.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
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      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6))\n\nPRIMA55().plot(ax=ax[0])\nax[0].set_title('PRIMA-55')\n\nPRIMA40().plot(ax=ax[1])\nax[1].set_title('PRIMA-40')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## BVT Bionic Eye System (Bionic Vision Technologies)\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.BVT24` is a 24-channel suprachoroidal\nretinal prosthesis [Layton2014]_, which was developed by the Bionic Vision\nAustralia Consortium and commercialized by Bionic Vision Technologies (BVT).\n\nNote that the array actually consists of a total of 35 electrodes:\n\n-  33 platinum stimulating electrodes:\n\n   -  30 electrodes with 600um diameter (Electrodes 1-20 except\n      9, 17, 19; and Electrodes 21a-m),\n\n   -  3 electrodes with 400um diameter (Electrodes 9, 17, 19)\n\n-  2 return electrodes with 2000um diameter (Electrodes 22, 23)\n\nHowever, Electrodes 21a-m are typically ganged together to provide an\nexternal ring for common ground. Not counting the two large return electrodes\nleaves 24 stimulating electrodes.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))\n\nBVT24().plot(ax=ax, annotate=True)\nax.set_title('BVT-24')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Alpha-IMS and Alpha-AMS Retinal Implant System (Retina Implant AG)\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.AlphaIMS` and\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.AlphaAMS` are subretinal implants\ndeveloped at the University of Tuebingen, Germany and commercialized by\nRetina Implant AG.\n\nAlpha-IMS consists of 1500 50um-wide square pixels, arranged on a 39x39\nrectangular grid with 72um pixel pitch [Stingl2013]_.\n\nAlpha-AMS is the second generation device, consisting 1600 30um-wide round\npixels, arranged on a 40x40 rectangular grid with 70um pixel pitch\n[Stingl2017]_.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6))\n\nAlphaIMS().plot(ax=ax[0])\nax[0].set_title('Alpha-IMS')\n\nAlphaAMS().plot(ax=ax[1])\nax[1].set_title('Alpha-AMS')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Intelligent Micro Implant Eye epiretinal prosthesis system (IMIE)\n\n:py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.IMIE` is an epiretinal implant co-developed\n by Golden Eye Bionic, LLC (Pasadena CA) and IntelliMicro Medical Co., Ltd. \n(Changsha, Hunan Province, China) and is manufactured by IntelliMicro. \n\nIMIE consists of 248 large disc-shaped electrodes (210 \u00b5m in diameter) and 8 \nsmaller disc-shaped electrodes (160 \u00b5m in diameter), arranged on an area of \n4.75 mm \u00d7 6.50 mm. The center-to-center pitch is 350 \u00b5m for the large electrodes\nand 300 \u00b5m for the small electrodes. [Xu2021]_.\n\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))\n\nIMIE().plot(ax=ax, annotate=True)\nax.set_title('IMIE')"
      ]
    }
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