""" =============================================================================== Retinal implant gallery =============================================================================== pulse2percept supports the following implants: Argus Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products Inc.) --------------------------------------------------------------------- :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.ArgusI` and :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.ArgusII` are epiretinal implants developed at the University of Southern California (USC) and commercialized by Second Sight. The devices were used in several clinical trials, including `NCT00279500`_ and `NCT00407602`_. Argus I is a modified cochlear implant containing 16 electrodes in a 4x4 array with a center-to-center separation of 800 um, and two electrode diameters (250 um and 500 um) arranged in a checkerboard pattern [Yue2020]_. Argus II contains 60 electrodes of 225 um diameter arranged in a 6 x 10 grid (575 um center-to-center separation) [Yue2020]_. .. _NCT00279500: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00279500 .. _NCT00407602: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00407602 """ # sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pulse2percept.implants import * from pulse2percept.models import AxonMapModel fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6)) # For illustrative purpose, also show the map of fiber # bundles in the optic fiber layer: model = AxonMapModel() model.plot(ax=ax[0]) # Argus I is typically implanted at a 30-45deg angle: ArgusI(rot=-30).plot(ax=ax[0], annotate=True) ax[0].set_title('Argus I') model.plot(ax=ax[1]) # Argus II is typically implanted at a 30-45deg angle: ArgusII(rot=-30).plot(ax=ax[1], annotate=False) ax[1].set_title('Argus II') ############################################################################### # PRIMA Bionic Vision System (Pixium Vision SA) # ---------------------------------------------- # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA` is a subretinal device developed # at Stanford University and commercialized by Pixium Vision. # # There are several versions of the PRIMA device. # The device used in clinical trial `NCT03392324`_ consists of 378 85um-wide # pixels separated by 15um trenches (i.e., 100um pixel pitch), arranged in a # 2-mm wide hexagonal pattern, and is available in pulse2percept simply as # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA` [Palanker2020]_. # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA75` is a newer version of the device, # consisting of 142 70um-wide pixels separated by 5um trenches (i.e., 75um # pixel pitch), arranged in a 1-mm wide hexagonal pattern [Lorach2015]_. # # .. _NCT03392324: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03392324 fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6)) PRIMA().plot(ax=ax[0]) ax[0].set_title('PRIMA-100') PRIMA75().plot(ax=ax[1]) ax[1].set_title('PRIMA-75') ############################################################################### # In addition, the developers are working on miniaturizing the device. At least # two other prototypes are currently in development: # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA55` consists of 50um-wide pixels # separated by 5um trenches (i.e., 55um pixel pitch), whereas # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.PRIMA40` consists of 35um-wide pixels # separated by 5um trenches (i.e., 40um pixel pitch). # # The exact geometric arrangement of these two prototypes have not been # published yet. The devices available in pulse2percept assume that the arrays # fit on a circular 1mm-diameter substrate, which yields 273 electrodes for # PRIMA-55 and 532 electrodes for PRIMA-40. # These prototypes will be updated once more information about them is # available. fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6)) PRIMA55().plot(ax=ax[0]) ax[0].set_title('PRIMA-55') PRIMA40().plot(ax=ax[1]) ax[1].set_title('PRIMA-40') ############################################################################### # BVT Bionic Eye System (Bionic Vision Technologies) # -------------------------------------------------- # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.BVT24` is a 24-channel suprachoroidal # retinal prosthesis [Layton2014]_, which was developed by the Bionic Vision # Australia Consortium and commercialized by Bionic Vision Technologies (BVT). # # Note that the array actually consists of a total of 35 electrodes: # # - 33 platinum stimulating electrodes: # # - 30 electrodes with 600um diameter (Electrodes 1-20 except # 9, 17, 19; and Electrodes 21a-m), # # - 3 electrodes with 400um diameter (Electrodes 9, 17, 19) # # - 2 return electrodes with 2000um diameter (Electrodes 22, 23) # # However, Electrodes 21a-m are typically ganged together to provide an # external ring for common ground. Not counting the two large return electrodes # leaves 24 stimulating electrodes. fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6)) BVT24().plot(ax=ax, annotate=True) ax.set_title('BVT-24') ############################################################################### # Alpha-IMS and Alpha-AMS Retinal Implant System (Retina Implant AG) # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.AlphaIMS` and # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.AlphaAMS` are subretinal implants # developed at the University of Tuebingen, Germany and commercialized by # Retina Implant AG. # # Alpha-IMS consists of 1500 50um-wide square pixels, arranged on a 39x39 # rectangular grid with 72um pixel pitch [Stingl2013]_. # # Alpha-AMS is the second generation device, consisting 1600 30um-wide round # pixels, arranged on a 40x40 rectangular grid with 70um pixel pitch # [Stingl2017]_. fig, ax = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(10, 6)) AlphaIMS().plot(ax=ax[0]) ax[0].set_title('Alpha-IMS') AlphaAMS().plot(ax=ax[1]) ax[1].set_title('Alpha-AMS') ############################################################################### # Intelligent Micro Implant Eye epiretinal prosthesis system (IMIE) # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # # :py:class:`~pulse2percept.implants.IMIE` is an epiretinal implant co-developed # by Golden Eye Bionic, LLC (Pasadena CA) and IntelliMicro Medical Co., Ltd. # (Changsha, Hunan Province, China) and is manufactured by IntelliMicro. # # IMIE consists of 248 large disc-shaped electrodes (210 µm in diameter) and 8 # smaller disc-shaped electrodes (160 µm in diameter), arranged on an area of # 4.75 mm × 6.50 mm. The center-to-center pitch is 350 µm for the large electrodes # and 300 µm for the small electrodes. [Xu2021]_. # fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6)) IMIE().plot(ax=ax, annotate=True) ax.set_title('IMIE')